The D-CIXS X-ray mapping spectrometer on SMART-1     

M Grande  R BrowningN Waltham  D ParkerS.K Dunkin  B KentB Kellett  C.H PerryB Swinyard  A PerryJ Feraday  C HoweG McBride  K PhillipsJ Huovelin  P MuhliP.J Hakala  O VilhuJ Laukkanen  N ThomasD Hughes  H AlleyneM Grady  R LundinS Barabash  D BakerP.E Clark  C.D MurrayJ Guest  I CasanovaL.C d'Uston  S MauriceB Foing  D.J Heather  V FernandesK Muinonen  S.S RussellA Christou  C OwenP Charles  H KoskinenM Kato  K SipilaS Nenonen  M HolmstromN Bhandari  R ElphicD Lawrence 《Planetary and Space Science》2003,51(6):427-433

The D-CIXS Compact X-ray Spectrometer will provide high quality spectroscopic mapping of the Moon, the primary science target of the ESA SMART-1 mission. D-CIXS consists of a high throughput spectrometer, which will perform spatially localised X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. It will also carry a solar monitor, to provide the direct calibration needed to produce a global map of absolute lunar elemental abundances, the first time this has been done. Thus it will achieve ground breaking science within a resource envelope far smaller than previously thought possible for this type of instrument, by exploiting two new technologies, swept charge devices and micro-structure collimators. The new technology does not require cold running, with its associated overheads to the spacecraft. At the same time it will demonstrate a radically novel approach to building a type of instrument essential for the BepiColombo mission and potential future planetary science targets.  相似文献   

Professor DR Alois Gregor 70 jahre alt     

Stanislav Brandejs 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1962,6(3):312-313

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Turbulent structure of the subsurface layer of the sea according to the data of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sigma-1</Emphasis> measuring complex     

A. M. Chukharev  V. A. Barabash  A. G. Zubov  O. I. Pavlenko 《Physical Oceanography》2007,17(2):75-87

We present the results of experimental investigations of the characteristics of turbulence in the layer of wave-induced mixing. The data on the fluctuations of velocity, temperature, and conductivity are obtained with the help of a Sigma-1 measuring complex. The computed values of the dissipation rate of turbulent energy are compared with different models proposed for the subsurface layer. It is shown that the available models fail to guarantee satisfactory agreement of the numerical results with the experimental data for the layer of active wave action and, in particular, in the presence of swell. This leads us to the conclusion concerning the necessity of parametrization and assimilation of more complete data on the state of the sea surface, the structure of currents, and the surface layer of the atmosphere in the models. __________ Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 2, pp. 15–28, March–April, 2007.  相似文献   

On the instability of “folded” equilibria of a flexible nonstretchable thread attached to the satellite in a circular orbit     

Stanislav D. Furta 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1992,53(3):255-266

The author considers a problem of Lyapunov's stability of relative equilibria of a flexible nonstretchable thread attached to the satellite moving in a circular Keplerian orbit in the first approximation. When it is in the position of relative equilibrium, the thread is known to be situated either along the radius vector of the orbit (the radial equilibrium) or along the circular orbit (the tangential equilibrium) and in each case the thread can be in a folded state. The author shows that folded radial equilibria of the thread are always unstable while tangential ones are unstable if the thread is sufficiently short in comparison with the radius of the orbit. The generalized Chetaev functional has been constructed to prove the instability.  相似文献   

Some results of biogeographic research on meadows in the Dyje-Svratka basin in the Czech Republic     

Stanislav Horník 《GeoJournal》1993,31(4):379-382

Some results of biogeographic research on meadows in the Dyje-Svratka basin in the Czech Republic. The paper shows one example of biogeographic inventory of natural ecosystems in an unflooded meadow in the Dyje-Svratka basin. It is part of the complex physio-geographic research of the Geographic Department of the Masaryk University in Brno aimed at gaining a basis for territorial interpretation of ecological regularities and territorial application of general ecological optimizing principles. A segment of biocenosis of Ulmi-fraxineta carpini has been analyzed (Zlatník 1956).The endeavour of Czech geographers to study geosystems of various dimensions completely gets in the limelight. In question is the understanding of mutual relationship of components of geosystems based on the exchange of mass and energy. There are two ways of studying them: spatial relations or approaches concentrated on processes. In contrast to the above unilateral concept, the endeavour to make the approaches compatible appears rarely. This complex view is made possible by geobiocenologically taken biogeography in papers of Zlatník and Rauer, their students and successors. This paper shows only one example of the results of biogeographic stock-taking of meadows in the Dyje-Svratka basin, indicating relations of eco- and geosystems which confirm the necessity of ecological orientation of the present biogeography and its potential contribution to ecology.  相似文献   

Analysis of Karst Tufa from Guangxi, China     

Stanislav FRANCISKOVIC-BILINSKI  Halka BILINSKI  Delko BARISIC  Nada HORVATINCIC Institute Ruder BoSkovi  POB  HR- Zagre  Croati  E-mail: francis@rudjer.irb.hrand YUAN Daoxian Institute of Karst Geology  Guilin  Guangxi  China 《《地质学报》英文版》2003,77(2):267-275

The paper presents an analysis of characteristic karst tufa from Guangxi, China, which has not been studied before. A comparison with tufa from Dinaric Karst of Croatia is discussed in view of the C-type climate. The major mineral is calcite. Minor minerals are quartz and dolomite, depending on location. The content of calcium carbonate varies from 65% to 92%, and that of magnesium carbonate from 0.03% to 1.77%. Among other elements, the most abundant are Fe, from 0.02% to 1.50%, and Ti, from 0.15% to 0.27%. Many other trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Hg and Pb) are also present. Specific activity of radionuclides 40K, 232Th, 137Cs, 226Ra and 238U varies from sample to sample. Concentration of U in tufa is close to that reported for sedimentary carbonate. Low concentration of 137Cs indicates that this part of the world was not exposed to nuclear explosions. The concentration of 226Ra is the highest in Mashan County. The ratio 238U/226Ra (0.21-0.71) in tufa from Mashan Co  相似文献   

Elasticity of tetragonal end-member majorite and solid solutions in the system Mg4Si4O12-Mg3Al2Si3O12     

Stanislav V. Sinogeikin  Jay D. Bass  Bridget O'Neill  Tibor Gasparik 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1997,24(2):115-121

 The adiabatic elastic moduli of polycrystalline En₅₀Py₅₀ and En₈₀Py₂₀ majorite-garnet solid solutions (where En=4MgSiO₃, Py=Mg₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂) and the end-member En₁₀₀ tetragonal majorite were determined at ambient conditions using Brillouin spectroscopy. The adiabatic bulk modulus, K, and shear modulus, μ, of En₅₀Py₅₀ were found to be K=173.1 (20) and μ=92.3 (10) GPa, and are indistinguishable from those of the end-member pyrope, Py₁₀₀. The moduli of the more majorite-rich samples are significantly lower and are virtually identical to each other (K=162.6(11) and μ=85.7(7) for En₈₀Py₂₀; K=166(5) and μ=88(2) for En₁₀₀). In combination with previously reported moduli for this system, we conclude that both K and μ are constant over the compositional range from Py₁₀₀ to a majorite content of about 70–80%, whereupon the moduli decrease substantially. For compositions ranging from En₈₀Py₂₀ to the end-member majorite, the moduli are also approximately independent of composition, but at a lower value. An alternative model with a continuous decrease in moduli with increasing majorite content cannot be excluded, within the uncertainties of existing measurements. The contrast in moduli between aluminous pyrope garnet and Al-free majorite are small compared with the modulus changes accompanying the pyroxene – majorite phase transformation. Received August 16, 1995 /Revised, accepted January 12, 1996  相似文献   

Formeln für die Berechnung der Stromfunktion im Divergenzfreien Falle     

Stanislav Brandejs 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1958,2(4):402-405

Резюме Нумерические прогнозы абсолютной топографии изобарической поверхности 500 мб, вычисленные по баротропному уравнению вихря при помощи геострофического приближения, бывают, как правило, загрузены довольно значительными ошибками, вызванными с одной стороны некоторыми недостатками модели, с другой стороны краевыми и начальными условиями решения. Очень неприятной и системтической физической ошибкой является т. наз. ложныь антициклогенез, возникающий вследствие непоследовательного соблюдения бездивергентного характера тока в эквивалентном баротропном уровне [4]. Этот ложный антициклогенез можно устранить тем, что при прогнозе абсолютной топографии 500 мб применяем уравнения (16) или (22), в которые вместо подставляем значенчия их из соотношению (17), (18) и (19), или из соотношения (23).

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Anschrift: Praha II., Ke Karlovu 3.  相似文献   

Prognostic equations of baroclinic model with constant direction of wind shear     

Stanislav Brandejs  Vojtěch Vítek 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1957,1(1):141-156

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Application of laser strainmenters to the study of earthquake physics     

Grigory I. Dolgikh  Mstislav N. Dubrov  Stanislav G. Dolgikh  Sergei N. Kovalev  Vladimir V. Ovcharenko  Egor A. Savvin  Vladimir A. Chupin  Vyacheslav A. Shvets  Sergei V. Yakovenko 《Acta Geophysica》2006,54(2):187-197

The paper considers possibilities of applying laser strainmeters for the study of earthquake physics. One of laser strainmeters is described. A high efficiency of using the laser strainmeters for the study of earthquakes and their precursors is shown. In records of the spaced laser strainmeters, anomalous deformations propagating from the east to the west with the speed comparable with that of migration of earthquakes were found.  相似文献